Medical Procedures A-Z

Browse comprehensive information on 10 medical procedures — including preparation, recovery, costs, and alternatives.

A biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination by a pathologist. It is the definitive method for...

A DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan measures bone mineral density to assess osteoporosis risk and fracture pr...

Cardiac catheterization (cardiac cath or coronary angiography) involves threading a thin catheter through blood vessels ...

A colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) to examine the entire colon and...

A CT scan combines X-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional image...

An echocardiogram (echo) uses ultrasound waves to create moving images of the heart. It shows the heart's size, shape, a...

A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is a procedure to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the space around the spinal cord...

Mammography is an X-ray imaging technique specifically designed to examine breast tissue. Digital mammography and 3D mam...

MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues. Unlike CT scans or X-rays, MR...

Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD) uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the esophagus, s...