Cesarean Section (C-Section)

A cesarean section (C-section) is the delivery of a baby through a surgical incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. Approximately 32% of all births in the US are delivered by C-section, totaling about 1.2 million procedures annually. It can be planned (elective) or performed as an emergency.

C-sections are performed for breech presentation, placenta previa, prior C-section, multiple births, failure to progress in labor, fetal distress, large baby (macrosomia), maternal health conditions (preeclampsia, heart disease), and umbilical cord prolapse.

For planned C-sections, fasting for 8 hours is required. Pre-operative blood work is drawn. An IV is placed for fluids and medications. An antacid may be given. You will receive spinal or epidural anesthesia so you are awake but numb from the waist down.

A horizontal incision is made along the bikini line. The surgeon opens the abdominal wall and uterus, delivers the baby, and removes the placenta. The procedure takes 45-60 minutes, with the baby typically delivered within the first 10-15 minutes. Skin-to-skin contact is often possible immediately.

Hospital stay is 2-4 days. Avoid lifting anything heavier than the baby for 6 weeks. You can walk within hours of surgery. Full recovery takes 6-8 weeks. Driving is generally safe after 2-3 weeks once you can brake comfortably.

Risks include infection, blood loss, blood clots, injury to bladder or bowel, adverse reaction to anesthesia, and increased risks in future pregnancies (placenta accreta, uterine rupture). Babies may have temporary breathing issues.

Vaginal birth is preferred when possible due to shorter recovery, lower infection risk, and benefits for the baby's microbiome. VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean) is an option for many women with a prior C-section, with a success rate of 60-80%.

Covered by all health insurance plans, including Medicaid and marketplace plans, as an essential health benefit. Costs vary based on hospital, location, and whether the procedure is planned or emergency.